HISTORY OF JERUSALEM
B.C.E.
The First Temple Period
1000
King David establishes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel
The Temple Site is acquired
961
King Solomon builds the First Temple
922
The Kingdom is divided into Israel and Judah
715
King Hezekiah of Judah
701
Assyrian invasion of Jerusalem by Sennacherib
587
Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jerusalem and the Temple
Jews are exiled to Babylon
The Prophet Ezekiel
The Second Temple Period
The Persian Period
537
Edict of Cyrus King of Persia, permitting Jews to resettle Jerusalem
515
The Second Temple is built
440
Nehemiah rebuilds the walls of Jerusalem
435
Ezra continues the rebuilding of Jerusalem
The Hellenistic Period
332
Alexander the Great conquers Jerusalem
312
Judea under the rule of the Egyptian Ptolemies
198
the Syrian Seleucid king, Antiochus III conquers Jerusalem
169
Antiochus IV plunders the Temple
The Hasmonean Period (Maccabees)
167
The revolt of the Maccabees
164
Reconquest of the Temple Mount and the re-dedication of the Temple
The Roman Period
63
Pompey conquers Jerusalem, Roman rule begins
40
Hasmonean King Antigonus retakes Jerusalem from the Romans
37
King Herod the Great reconquers Jerusalem
19
The Temple Mount is enlarged and the the Temple is rebuilt
C.E.
29
Life of Jesus (4 B.C.E. – 29 C.E.)
66
The War of the Jews against the Roman
70
Titus sacks Jerusalem and destroys the Second Temple
75
Rome's Colosseum is built with the enormous loot of this plunder
(End of the Second Temple Period)
132
Bar Kochba Revolt, with Jerusalem as the Jewish Capital
135
Emperor Hadrian's total destruction of the city of Jerusalem
rebuilds the city with new walls and renames it Aelia Capitolina
Jews are banished from Jerusalem on pain of death
The Byzantine Period
324
Constantine becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire
Queen Helena (Constantine's mother) builds Christian churches in Jeruslalem
614
Persian conquest of Jerusalem
629
Byzantines recapture Jerusalem
The Arab Period
638
Caliph Omar conquers Jerusalem
691
Dome of the Rock is completed
715
El Aksa Mosque is completed
1073
Far eastern Seljuks conquer Jerusalem
Persecution of Christians and Jews
The Crusader Period
1099
Crusaders capture Jerusalem
Jerusalem made the Capital of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
Jews and Muslems are banished from Jerusalem
1187
Saladin captures Jerusalem
The Mameluke Period
1250
Mameluke Muslems rule Jerusalem and Palestine
The Ottoman Turkish Period
1516
Ottoman sultan Selim I takes control of Jerusalem
1520
Suleiman The Magnificent rebuilds the city walls and other structures
1917
Ottoman rule ends by British conquest
This timeline is based on the chronology provided in
Jerusalem, Sacred City of Mankind: a History of Forty Centuries,
by T. Kollek and M. Pearlman. Weidenfeld & Nicolson Pub., 1968.